This dataset contains the experimental and analytical data supporting the study "Plastic-degrading microbial communities reveal novel microorganisms, pathways, and biocatalysts for polymer degradation and bioplastic production." Raw sequencing data from amplicon, metagenomic, and whole-genome sequencing of microbial consortia developed on polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), as well as of the isolated strain Pseudomonas sp. BR4, have been deposited in the NCBI BioProject under accession number PRJNA1073233. Functional and taxonomic annotations of the metagenomes were performed, and summary tables are available in the published article. This dataset includes Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images showing PET surface degradation by the microbial consortia and Pseudomonas sp. BR4, as well as Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images of Pseudomonas sp. BR4 highlighting intracellular polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) granules. FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) data are also provided to support the analysis of chemical changes in PET films after microbial treatment.