The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a moisturizing formulation in the improvement of skin hydration, skin barrier function, and in the reduction of skin roughness in diabetic subjects, compared to non-diabetic subjects. A total of 30 subjects participated in this study. The subjects were divided into two groups. Fifteen diabetic subjects were enrolled in group A, while fifteen non-diabetic subjects were enrolled in group B. The test formulation was prepared in an oil-in-water emulsion. The aqueous phase of the formulation presented a high concentration of humectants; 1,3-propanediol 15% plus (+) butylene glycol 5% + glycerol 5%. The effect of the test formulation was compared with a reference product. Skin hydration was assessed by capacitance measurements using the Corneometer® 825 probe. Skin barrier function was assessed by transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurements using the Tewameter® TM Hex probe. Skin roughness was assessed by the Rq parameter calculated from skin micro-images taken using the Visioscan® VC 20plus. Capacitance and TEWL measurements, and capture of micro-images were performed on the volar face of the forearms and on the dorsal hands of the subjects before and after 45 and 60 days of use of the products. Subjects were instructed to apply the test formulation to one dorsal hand and forearm and the reference product to the opposite dorsal hand and forearm.