This dataset contains anonymized records of pediatric care (0 - 14 years of age) with the evolution of respiratory diseases, which occurred in the Pediatric Referred Emergency Unit of the Hospital de Clínicas of the Universidade Estadual de Campinas (HC/UNICAMP), during the years 2017 and 2018. It also contains the daily values of environmental parameters obtained from climatic stations in the service data. Information related to each service includes service data, total number of pediatric visits (0 - 14 years of age), diaries recorded with the evolution of respiratory diseases (ICD-10: J00 - J99); disease severity (level: patients treated and discharged from the emergency department within 24 hours; and severe: patients who were admitted to the emergency department for more than 24 hours and/or were treated in the ward; patients who were admitted to emergency service for more than 24 hours and/or were treated in the ward; Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and/or died), type of disease (DVAS: upper airway diseases; and DVAI: airway diseases younger), and age group (infants: <2 years of age; preschoolers: ≥2 and <7 years of age; schoolchildren: ≥7 and <10 years of age; and adolescents: ≥10 and ≤14 years of age ). Environmental parameters include average, maximum, and minimum daily values of Relative humidity (%), Temperature (oC), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Monoxide (NO), Nitrogen Oxides (NOX), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), inhalable particulate matter (PM10, a diameter of which is less than 10 µm), fine inhalable particulate matter (PM2.5, a diameter of which is less than 2.5 µm), and day indicators of low-temperature waves, heat waves, low humidity waves, and high humidity waves.