This dataset is associated with a doctoral thesis on foreign direct investment (FDI), macroeconomic vulnerability, and climate change in developing economies, with particular attention to Latin America and Brazil. The material is intended for analytical and replication purposes and is linked to a set of theoretical and simulation-based exercises that examine the effects of FDI composition, green innovation, and selected climate-finance instruments on growth, external constraints, and the transition to a low-carbon economy. The dataset consists entirely of simulated data generated through R code, rather than observations collected from individuals, households, or firms. These simulated outputs were produced to support the numerical implementation of the models developed in the thesis, including scenario analysis and macroeconomic experiments. As such, the data do not contain personally identifiable information and may be reused for research, replication, and teaching purposes related to macroeconomic modelling, sustainable development, and climate-transition analysis.