Data Collection Physical Function Data: Timed Up-and-Go (TUG): Measures functional mobility and dynamic balance TUG-Cognitive (TUG-cog): Assesses dual-task performance under cognitive load Five Times Sit-to-Stand (5-STS): Evaluates lower extremity strength and power Muscle power assessment: Quantifies lower limb force production capacity Cognitive Function Data: Verbal Fluency Test: Measures executive function and language processing Stroop Test: Assesses cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control Reaction Time (RT): Records processing speed during cognitive tasks Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Data: Prefrontal cortex hemodynamic responses during cognitive tasks Parietal cortex activation patterns during executive function tests Oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbR) changes Temporal resolution: Continuous monitoring during task performance