This dataset includes experimental data generated during a doctoral research project focused on polysaccharide-based hydrogels reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) for extrusion-based 3D bioprinting applications aimed at cartilage tissue engineering. The data are organized into the following five experimental series: 1) Formulation selection: Rheological data (viscosity and oscillatory tests), qualitative stability assessment by inversion tube tests, and extrusion-based 3D printing assays used to evaluate printability and shape fidelity. 2) Sterilization analysis: Comparative rheological data before and after sterilization, microstructural analyses by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical compression tests, and thermal characterization by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 3) Crosslinking analysis: Long-term stability studies in cell culture medium and rheological characterization to assess the effects of crosslinking on material integrity and viscoelastic properties. 4) Biocompatibility assessment: In vitro cytocompatibility data obtained from MTT assays performed with hydrogel formulations and crosslinking agents, and spheroid fusion assays designed to evaluate spheroid behavior and fusion capacity in direct contact with the hydrogels. 5) 3D bioprinting: Data related to extrusion-based 3D bioprinting of cell-laden constructs, including post-printing cell viability and metabolic cell activity measurement. Data availability is restricted due to intellectual property protection. For additional information, please contact the responsible authors.