The objective of this study is to investigate the main challenges faced by Brazilian organizations in adopting and undergoing an agile project culture transformation, taking into account the need and increasing demand for more flexible and collaborative project management practices in their daily work. The research aims to understand which challenges stand out in this cultural transformation process, particularly in environments characterized by a predictive approach to projects with high deadlines and resistance to change. To achieve this objective, the Best-Worst Method (BWM) was used, recognized for its ability to identify and prioritize proposed challenges in a structured manner. In this case, the Best-Worst Method (BWM) was used to identify and prioritize the challenges posed in this process. In this case, the Best-Worst Method (BWM) was used to identify and prioritize the challenges posed in a structured manner, in this case, the adoption of an agile project culture. It also identified the greatest and least significant challenges of this journey through a survey of experienced project management professionals in Brazilian companies. The results indicate that the greatest challenge was organizational culture, highlighting constraints in aligning values, behaviors, and traditional management best practices with agile principles that seek greater transparency, inspection, and adaptation in more flexible environments. While the least significant challenge was project execution, indicating that companies believe they already possess the knowledge to implement agile practices, as they always prioritize execution over project planning. The study's originality lies in providing an analysis tailored to the Brazilian context through interviews with professionals of the same nationality and experience in Brazil, offering practical and theoretical contributions from Brazilian organizations. No significant methodological constraints were identified, reinforcing the reliability of the results. The practical implications highlight that project managers can use the results to implement strategies that overcome cultural challenges and promote the implementation of an agile culture, aligning companies with current needs when it comes to flexibility and innovation within project management. They can thus monitor and control the scope to be delivered, understanding whether it has a degree of certainty with all requirements and acceptance criteria or whether it is uncertain, requiring meetings to discover the solution or what should be delivered.