<p><strong>Dataset Overview</strong></p> <p>This dataset contains daily municipality-level data on ambient temperature and respiratory mortality for 667 Brazilian municipalities from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2020, comprising 2,680,006 observations and 1,106,779 respiratory deaths.</p> <p><strong>Data Sources</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>Mortality:</strong> Brazilian Mortality Information System (SIM/DATASUS), Ministry of Health. Deaths coded as respiratory diseases (ICD-10: J00-J99).</li> <li><strong>Temperature:</strong> National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), interpolated to municipality centroids using inverse distance weighting.</li> <li><strong>Population:</strong> Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), annual estimates.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Inclusion Criteria</strong></p> <ul> <li>Population ≥ 50,000 inhabitants</li> <li>Data completeness ≥ 80% for temperature and mortality</li> <li>Average ≥ 1 respiratory death per week during the study period</li> </ul> <p><strong>Geographic Coverage</strong></p> <p>667 municipalities across all five Brazilian macroregions: North (44), Northeast (142), Southeast (298), South (128), and Central-West (55).</p> <p><strong>Main Variables</strong></p> <ul> <li>Municipality code (IBGE 6-digit)</li> <li>Date of observation</li> <li>Daily respiratory deaths (ICD-10: J00-J99)</li> <li>Daily mean, minimum, and maximum temperature (°C)</li> <li>Relative humidity (%)</li> <li>Daily precipitation (mm)</li> <li>Annual population estimate</li> <li>Day of week and national holiday indicator</li> </ul> <p><strong>Associated Publication</strong></p> <p>This dataset supports the manuscript: "The impact of extreme temperatures on respiratory mortality in Brazil: assessing regional adaptations to different thermal environments" submitted to PLOS Climate (2026).</p> <p><strong>Analytical Methods</strong></p> <p>Data were analyzed using Distributed Lag Non-linear Models (DLNM) with quasi-Poisson regression at the municipality level, followed by random-effects meta-analysis to obtain pooled national and regional estimates of temperature-mortality associations.</p> <p><strong>Ethics Statement</strong></p> <p>This study used aggregated, anonymized secondary data publicly available through DATASUS and IBGE. No individual-level identifiable data were used. According to Brazilian National Health Council Resolution 510/2016, research using publicly available aggregated data is exempt from Research Ethics Committee approval.</p>