The dataset and computational codes incorporate the information from the thesis, "Health Risks Caused by Particulate Matter Based on the Sustainable Development Goals," and the article, "Health Risks Caused by Atmospheric Particulate Matter and Their Relation with the Sustainable Development Goals." The article was submitted to the npj Clean Air journal. The data are for the city of São Paulo from 2015 to 2022. Population density files were extracted from WorldPop. PM10 and PM2.5 concentration data from São Paulo monitoring stations were extracted from QUALAR. Information on hospitalizations and the specific population by age group was obtained from DATASUS. The remaining data were obtained from analyses performed by the authors using software such as QGIS, R, and AirQ+.