This dataset compiles information used in academic research on the determinants of Food and Nutritional Security (FNS) in the Legal Amazon. The data focuses on the analysis of socioeconomic and territorial inequalities associated with FNS, considering differences between urban and rural households, as well as between multi-income and non-multi-income rural families. The dataset consists of microdata from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) for the years 2004, 2009, and 2013, organized and processed for analytical purposes. The variables include socioeconomic, demographic, educational, income, and household characteristics information, used to construct food security indicators and for comparative analyses between population groups. The data were used in quantitative analyses based on the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, with the aim of identifying the explained and unexplained factors associated with differences in FNS levels in the Legal Amazon. This dataset allows for the replication of research results, as well as their reuse in studies on food and nutritional security, regional inequalities, territorial development, and public policies focused on the Legal Amazon. The data do not contain information that would allow for the direct or indirect identification of the individuals surveyed.