The dataset was collected in February 2024 at the Rotating Machinery Laboratory (LAMAR from Portuguese, Laboratório de Máquinas Rotativas) in the School of Mechanical Engineering at the State University of Campinas. It provides experimental observations of common faults in rotors with hydrodynamic bearings. The main contribution of this dataset is to offer real examples of rotating machinery faults, aiding in their detection in practical applications and facilitating the development of model-based techniques. The studied failures include mass unbalance, misalignment, and the effects of temperature and oil flow in journal bearings.