This dataset includes information on particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) and O3 concentrations (CETESB, 2024, GMAO, 2015), as well as population and morbidity and mortality data for elderly residents (≥60 years) in Ribeirão Preto (SP) (Brazilian Ministry of Health, 2024). Concentrations of PM10 (2010-2013 and 2017-2019) and PM2.5 (2017-2019) were obtained from the Qualar platform and through calculations based on the components of NASA's MERRA-2 (GMAO, 2015). These calculations, we used the equations of Bali et al. (2021), Buchard et al. (2016) and NASA (2023). O3 concentrations (2018-2019) were obtained exclusively from the Qualar platform. The PM2.5/O3 ratio was calculated from these data, and a Health Impact Assessment (HIA) was performed in Ribeirão Preto. Bali, K.; Dey, S.; Ganguly, D. Diurnal Patterns in Ambient PM2.5 Exposure over India Using MERRA-2 Reanalysis Data. Atmos. Environ. 2021, 248 (1), 118180. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2020.118180. Buchard, V.; da Silva, A. M.; Randles, C. A.; Colarco, P.; Ferrare, R.; Hair, J.; Hostetler, C.; Tackett, J.; Winker, D. Evaluation of the Surface PM2.5 in Version 1 of the NASA MERRA Aerosol Reanalysis over the United States. Atmos. Environ. 2016, 125, 100–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2015.11.004. Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB). Qualidade do ar. Qualar. 2024. https://cetesb.sp.gov.br/ar/qualar/ (accessed 2024-02-11). Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO). MERRA-2 tavg1_2d_aer_Nx: 2d,1-Hourly, Time-averaged, Single-Level, Assimilation, Aerosol Diagnostics V5.12.4, Greenbelt, MD, USA, Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC), 2015. https://doi.org/10.5067/KLICLTZ8EM9D. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Nasa). Global Modeling and Assimilation Office – Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2: MERRA-2 FAQ, 2023. https://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/reanalysis/MERRA-2/FAQ/. (accessed 2023-11-11).